A case of acute cerebral infarction with a favorable prognosis after rt-PA administration by a general physician with telestroke support / Journal of Rural Medicine

Objective: Herein, we report a patient with acute cerebral infarction with a favorable prognosis after being managed by a general physician with support from the telestroke program.Patient and Methods: An 85-year-old man was transferred to a regional hospital due to sudden onset of dysarthria and left hemiparesis. As no neurosurgeons or neurologists were available in that hospital or area, the patient was examined by a general physician who diagnosed him with cardioembolic stroke on the left middle cerebral artery territory. The physician consulted a stroke specialist using the telestroke system; with the support from the telestroke program, the physician administered thrombolytic therapy 4 hours and 10 minutes after the onset of symptoms.Results: The patient’s National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score improved from 9 to 3 and he was subsequently transferred to the stroke center. However, the occluded left middle cerebral artery had already re-canalized. His hemiparesis completely improved one week after the onset.Conclusion: A telemedicine system for general physicians is indispensable in areas without accessible stroke specialists as it provides access to a standard of care for hyper-acute stroke patient assessment and management, and helps improve neuroprognosis.

Referral and Consultation Practice between Generalists and Specialists at a University Hospital: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study / 日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会誌

Background: Few studies have focused on the current state of referral and consultation practice between generalists and specialists at Japanese university hospitals.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the electronic medical records of 513 outpatients (a cumulative total of 608 patients) who visited the Department of General Medicine of Toyama University Hospital between January and December 2016. All patients used our in-hospital consultation and referral service.Results: We referred 492 new patients to different specialists, with 40% referred to psychiatry, orthopedics, otolaryngology, and dermatology specialists. Our suspected diagnoses were correct for 285 of 395 patients (72%) who were referred to specialists to confirm the diagnosis. No abnormalities were observed in 86 patients (21%), and inappropriate referrals were made for 5 patients (1.2%). We also received 116 consultations from specialists, 66% of which were from orthopedics, psychiatry, gynecology, oral dental surgery, and neurosurgery specialists. Many of the referred patients had vague symptoms such as fever and general fatigue.Conclusion: Improving the practical skills of generalists regarding orthopedic and otolaryngologic problems may result in more appropriate referrals. Our department also served as a consultant for medical problems for specialists, especially orthopedic surgeons and psychiatrists.

Strengthen the training of general practitioner to promote the construction of Healthy China / 中华全科医师杂志

Department of General Medicine in Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University was founded in 1994,which was the only unit established in a tertiary hospital in the country at that time,engaged in clinical practice,teaching and research of general practice.Zhongshan Hospital won the second prize of National Teaching Achievement in 2014 forExploration and innovation of training system of general practitioners in China,which contributed to development of standardized training system of general practitioners suitable to China's national conditions.This article summarizes the experience in training general physician,development of disciplines and enhancing influence of Zhongshan Hospital over years,hopefully it will be of reference value for medical educators.

Análisis de Situación Integral de Salud (ASIS) de la comunidad del barrio Santa María, Bajo Boulogne, partido de San Isidro / Comprehensive health situation analysis of Santa María community, Bajo Boulogne, San Isidro district

Introducción: ASIS en un instrumento para conocer la realidad sanitaria que incluye la perspectiva de los actores, destinado a encaminar la planificación de las actividades en salud orientadas a la comunidad. Objetivo: recabar características sociodemográficas de la población, indagar los problemas de salud identificados por la comunidad, conocer qué estrategias utilizan para atenderlos y conocer sus recursos sociosanitarios. Material y métodos: Método de Análisis Rápido y Planificación Participativa (MARPP) implementado entre junio de 2013 y mayo de 2014 en la comunidad del barrio Santa María, Bajo Boulogne, San Isidro, República Argentina. Se integraron datos de tres fuentes: datos sociodemográficos del Censo Nacional 2010, encuesta domiciliaria para conocer los problemas de salud de la comunidad y un relevamiento de sus recursos sociosanitarios. Resultados: según los datos del Censo, los menores de 19 años representan el 33% de la población, mayoritariamente argentina y alfabetizada. Las viviendas disponen de conexión con agua corriente, desagüe cloacal y gas. Un 12,8% vive con necesidades básicas insatisfechas. Adicionalmente, se encuestaron 225 viviendas con una tasa de respuesta del 70%. El 30% (67/225) de los adultos y el 42% (52/122) de los niños (expresado por adultos responsables) informaron haber padecido algún problema de salud agudo en los últimos dos meses. Para ambos grupos, el principal problema de salud percibido fueron trastornos respiratorios; para los adultos, el segundo en frecuencia fueron los del aparato locomotor. El 55% de los adultos reconocieron padecer algún problema crónico, principalmente cardiovascular. Los problemas más destacados del barrio fueron la inseguridad y la violencia. El 73% refirió conocer el Centro de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria San Pantaleón, y el 34% manifestó usarlo habitualmente. Conclusiones: este relevamiento representa una primera aproximación a la percepción y a las necesidades de la comunidad. (AU)

Introduction: ASIS is an instrument to know the health situation including the perspective of the actors, and to guide the planning of activities in health-oriented community. Aims: to collect socio-demographic characteristics of the community population, to investigate health problems identified by the community and learn what strategies used to solve them, and know their health resources. Methods: Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) methodology implemented between June 2013 and May 2014 in the Santa María community, Bajo Boulogne, Argentina. Data were collected from three sources: socio-demographic data from the 2010 National Census, we conducted a survey ad hoc on a sample to know the health problems of the community, and we described their health resources. Results: according to Census data, under age 19 account for 33% of the population, mainly from Argentina and alphabetized. Their houses have connection with running water, sewerage and gas. 12.8% live with unsatisfied basic needs. In addition, 225 homes were surveyed with a response rate of 70%: 30% (67/225) of adults and 42% (52/122) of children (expressed by responsible adults) reported having had an acute health problem in the past two months. For both, the main perceived health problem was respiratory; for adults, the second in frequency were of musculoskeletal problems. Fifty-five percent of adults suffer from some recognized, mainly cardiovascular chronic problem. The major problems reported were insecurity and violence. 73% reported knowledge of the Centro de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria San Pantaleón, although it usually uses only 34% of respondents. Conclusions: it represents a first approach to the perception and the needs of the community. (AU)

El análisis de la situación de salud y la participación social en la formación médica / Health situation analysis and the social participation in medical formation

Se realizó una reflexión acerca del alcance social que ejercen las influencias contextuales en la impartición del análisis de la situación de salud (ASIS), como contenido en la formación médica. En consonancia con las potencialidades formativas que aporta la sistematización de la participación social en salud para lograr su efectividad, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre el contexto político de la participación, la trascendencia del ASIS como herramienta científica y su alcance en la docencia, y las condiciones contextuales donde se realiza la formación. Se destaca que la participación social continúa siendo mundialmente proclamada y nacionalmente promulgada, como condición necesaria en la transformación del cuadro de salud; se reconoce que a pesar del perfeccionamiento del sistema sanitario ha sido compleja su aplicación en la práctica de sus sustentos teóricos y que subyacen insuficiencias en su aplicabilidad que repercuten en la formación, constituyendo un desafío en la contemporaneidade.

A reflection was made on the social scope of setting influences in teaching of the health situation analysis (HSA) as contents in the medical formation. In line with the formative potentialities of the systematization of social participation in health to attain effectiveness, a literature review was made about the political context of participation, the significance of HAS as a scientific tool and its scope in teaching as well as the setting conditions where formation takes place. It is stressed that social involvement remains a claimed aspect nationally and internationally since it is a must in health picture changes; it is also recognized that despite the improvement of the health system, the implementation of its theoretical fundamentals has been complex and there still are deficiencies in applicability that have an effect on formation and represents a contemporary challenge.

Factores psicosociales y síndrome de Burnout en médicos generales de Tepic, Nayarit (México) / Psychosocial variables and Burnout syndrome in general physicians in Tepic, Nayarit (México)

Objetivo: Analizar los factores psicosociales que se asocian al síndrome de burnout en los médicos generales que laboran para una institución pública de salud en Tepic, Nayarit (México). Material y métodos: El estudio fue transversal analítico. La población la conformaron 97 médicos generales de manera voluntaria y bajo consentimiento informado. Para captar la información se emplearon dos instrumentos: la guía de identificación de factores psicosociales del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social y la escala de "Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI)". Resultados: La prevalencia global para los factores psicosociales fue del 23.7% y del 32% para el síndrome de burnout. Se obtuvieron asociaciones significativas entre algunas áreas de los factores psicosociales con diferentes dimensiones del síndrome de burnout. Se demostró evidencia significativa entre ambas escalas, con un OR de 2.70, IC=1.02-4.30 y p= 0.0441. Conclusiones: Los médicos probablemente manifiestan el síndrome de burnout debido a la exigencia que implica velar la salud y el bienestar de las personas, adecuar las áreas laborales y organización del trabajo y las tareas podría ser una estrategia importante.

Objective: To examine the psychosocial factors that are associated with burnout syndrome in the general physicians who work for a public health institution in Tepic (Nayarit, Mexico). Material and methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was performed. The population was comprised of 97 general physicians who participated voluntarily and signed an informed consent. To collect the information, two instruments were used: the identification of psychosocial factors guide of the Mexican Social Security Institute and the scale of "Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Results: The overall prevalence of psychosocial factors was 23.7% and 32% for the burnout syndrome. Significant associations were obtained between some areas of psychosocial factors with different dimensions of burnout syndrome. It showed significant evidence between both scales, with an OR of 2.70 and a value of p = 0.0441. Conclusions: The physicians may manifest burnout syndrome due to the requirement that deserves health care and welfare of people. Adjustment of work area, job organization and tasks could be an important strategy.

Diseño y validación de un instrumento para valorar las funciones especiales en estudiantes de sexto año de de la carrera de medicina / Design and validation of an instrument to assess the special functions in 6th year medical students

Con el propósito de validar instrumentos de investigación orientados a evaluar la efectividad del currículo en relación con las funciones especiales del Médico General (Preparación para la Defensa y Medicina de Desastres), se realizó el diseño de sendos ejercicios teóricos y aplicación a una muestra de estudiantes de sexto curso, cubanos y extranjeros, de una facultad de Ciencias Médicas, quienes respondieron una encuesta acerca de estos. Profesores de la facultad actuaron como contraparte en la aplicación de dichos ejercicios te¾ricos y dieron su valoración en una entrevista. Se procesaron los resultados obtenidos por los estudiantes al responder los instrumentos, los relativos a las opiniones estudiantiles y las profesorales sobre estos y su aplicación. Los resultados indican que los instrumentos propuestos son adecuados para valorar el conocimiento acerca de las funciones especiales de los mÚdicos generales y recomendables para la evaluaci¾n de las funciones para las cuales fueron diseñados.

With the objective of validating research instruments for the evaluation of the curriculum effectiveness in terms of the special functions of the general physician (preparation for defense and disaster medicine), two theoretical exercises were designed and applied to a sample of 6th year students, both Cubans and foreigners, from a medical school, who answered a survey about this topic. The professors acted as a counterpart in implementing the said exercises and gave their final assessment in an interview. The results obtained by the students in answering the instruments, those related to the opinion of students and professors about their use and finally their application were all processed. The final results show that the suggested instruments are adequate to assess the knowledge about the special functions of the general physicians and can be recommended for the assessment of the functions for which they were designed.

Psychiatric Knowledge Required by General Physicians: from Investigations of Data of Practical Consultation-Liaison / 医学教育

A junior-resident training system that includes compulsory psychiatric training will be started in 2004. The contents of a training program required by all general physicians must be discussed. We investigated inpatients and outpatients at the department of psychiatry of the International Medical Center of Japan from the viewpoint of consultation-liaison psychiatry. We realized that first-year residents are likely to encounter organic mental disorders, such as delirium and dementia, and neurotic, stress-related somatoform disorders and, therefore, need to learn about these disorders from the start of training. However, we believe that schizophrenia, previously considered a core subject of psychiatric training, need not be studied in detail by all first-year residents.